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*MENU HELP,A
Table of Contents
─────────────────
1.0 INTRODUCTION ┌──────────────────────┐
2.0 GETTING STARTED │ MICROCODE CONCEPTS │
3.0 HELP WITH ON-LINE HELP │ P.O. Box 1275 │
4.0 INTERFACE OVERVIEW │ Levittown, PA 19058 │
4.1 Units screen └──────────────────────┘
4.2 Information line
4.3 Unit fields
4.4 Message line
5.0 ADDING NUMERIC PREFIXES
6.0 CONVERSION CALCULATOR
6.1 Entering numbers
6.2 Exponential notation
6.3 Number limitations
8.0 ABBREVIATIONS
9.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT
10.0 LICENSE AGREEMENT AND DISCLAIMER
11.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
12.0 CREDITS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
─────────────────
COMPUTER CONVERSION FACTORS (TM), is a collection of commonly used
scientific and non-scientific units of measurement, for IBM and
compatible computers. Converting from one related system of units to
another is a repetitive chore for engineers, technicians, and the
student alike. CCF provides a fast, and simple to use method for
obtaining these converted values. With 176 units and 16 numeric
prefixes, over 700,000 derived conversions are possible. This makes
CCF the most comprehensive collection of conversion factors
available.
2.0 GETTING STARTED
────────────────────
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Note: All keyboard keys referenced are enclosed in brackets < > │
│ for clarification. │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The units in the units screen are arranged in alphabetical order. To
select a unit to convert, use the <cursor> keys to highlight the
desired unit and press <Enter>. The units name will appear in the
"Converting from:" field at the bottom left of the screen. Press the
<F2> key to see a list of compatible units. Press <Esc> to remove
the window. Highlight a compatible unit and press <Enter>. The
units name will appear in the "Converting to:" field at the bottom
right of the screen. Press the <Enter> key to continue and display
the conversion calculator. Enter a number in the "input" field, and
press <Enter>. The result is displayed in the output field.
That's all there is to it!. To remove the calculator and units,
press the <Esc> key repeatedly.
3.0 HELP WITH ON-LINE HELP
──────────────────────────
The help system is accessed by pressing the <F1> key. When the help
key is pressed, information is displayed related to what you are
currently doing. Use the <cursor> keys to scroll through the help
text. The help system window can alternately be resized by pressing
the <F4> key. To exit the help system, press either the <Esc> or
<Enter> key. When in the units screen, pressing the <F2> key
accesses the help system to display units which are compatible with
the currently highlighted unit.
4.0 INTERFACE OVERVIEW
──────────────────────
4.1 Units screen
────────────────
The units screen consists of 176 unit names arranged in 4 columns.
The first letter of some units are highlighted. Pressing a key which
corresponds to a highlighted letter in the unit name, will move the
cursor to the first unit that begins with that letter. For example,
pressing <W> will move the cursor to "Watt". If a letter key is
pressed for which there is no corresponding highlighted letter, a
beep will sound.
On the right side of the screen is a scroll bar. The "thumb" of the
scroll bar moves up or down as you move the cursor keys up or down.
Since there are more units than can fit on the screen at once, the
thumbs position indicates the cursors relative position to the
screen beyond the current viewing area. Other windows also have a
scroll bar, such as the help window. If the contents of the window
can fit within one screen, the thumb will indicate this also.
4.2 Information line
────────────────────
Immediately below the units screen is an information line for the
currently highlighted unit. The units symbol (or abbreviation), type
of unit, and value are displayed. The values for the highlighted
units are expressed as either base or derived definitions of the
International System of Units. The exponents in the values are
preceded by the superscript character ⁿ. e.g. sⁿ2 = second squared,
sⁿ3 = second cubed, and so on.
4.3 Unit fields
───────────────
Immediately below the information line, there are two unit fields.
These fields are where selected units are placed. This is also where
numeric prefixes can be added to, or removed from the units. After
pressing the <Enter> key, a units name is placed in the "Converting
from:" field. After pressing <Enter> a second time, a unit is placed
in the "Converting to:" field. The second unit must be of the same
type as the first unit. If not, a beep will sound and a message is
displayed indicating the units are incompatible. To view a list of
compatible units, press the <F2> key.
4.4 Message line
────────────────
The last row on the screen is the message line. This is where key
references and messages are displayed. Messages indicate such things
as which key to press, numeric errors, incompatible units, etc. The
key references are enclosed in angle brackets < >. For instance,
<F1> refers to the function key F1, and <Esc> refers to the escape
key. To the right of each key reference is a brief description of
what the key does. The keys perform different functions, depending
on what you are currently doing.
5.0 ADDING NUMERIC PREFIXES
───────────────────────────
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Note: To add numeric prefixes, units must be in the "Converting │
│ from:" AND "Converting to:" fields. │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Numeric prefixes can be added to any of the units. After selecting
two compatible units, they are displayed in the unit fields near the
bottom of the screen. The prefix will be added to the unit in the
field in which the cursor is blinking. The cursor will appear as a
small underline _ . Press the <F2> key to display the available
prefixes. A list of 16 prefixes will appear on the right side of
the screen, containing the prefixes name, factor, and symbol. Use
the up and down <cursor> keys to highlight the desired prefix, and
press <Enter>. The prefix will be added to the unit, changing it's
value accordingly. Press <Esc> to remove the prefix window. To add
a prefix to the unit in the opposite field, use the left or right
cursor key to move the blinking cursor to it, and repeat the above
procedure.
When the prefixes are displayed after pressing <F2>, they can also
be highlighted by pressing a key which corresponds to the first
letter in the prefix. for instance, pressing <C> will move the
cursor to "centi". If two or more prefixes begin with the same
letter, the first one that begins with the letter pressed will be
highlighted. If a prefix has been added to a unit and you want to
add a different prefix, the prefix does not have to be removed
first. Simply select another one and it will replace the existing
prefix.
To remove a prefix from a unit, use the left or right <cursor> key
to move the blinking cursor to the unit field containing the prefix
to be removed. Press the <F2> key to display the prefix window.
Press the <space-bar>, and "Remove Prefix" will become highlighted.
Press <Enter> and the prefix will be removed, leaving the unit
as it was before adding it.
6.0 CONVERSION CALCULATOR
─────────────────────────
6.1 ENTERING NUMBERS
────────────────────
Numbers can be entered using either the numeric keypad, or the
standard numbered keyboard keys. Although more digits can be entered
in the "input" field, output is limited to 12 significant digits.
If you make a mistake, use the <backspace> or <Del> key to erase the
digits, and then enter the correct digits. Pressing <F2> will clear
all numbers from the "input" and "output" fields. While the
conversion calculator is displayed, you can also view previous
conversions (if any), by pressing <F3>. See CONVERSION HISTORY
6.2 EXPONENTIAL NOTATION
────────────────────────
Numbers can also be expressed as a mantissa and exponent. The value
of the number is equal to the product of the mantissa and 10, raised
to the power of the exponent. The exponent part of the number must
be preceded by an "E". The mantissa or exponent or both can be
negative. Some examples of exponents are:
3.7 x 10ⁿ2 would be entered as 3.7E2
0.004 x 10ⁿ32 would be entered as .004E32
387.33 x 10ⁿ-6 would be entered as 387.33E-6
-387.33 x 10ⁿ-6 would be entered as -387.33E-6
If an invalid number is detected in the "input" field, a beep will
sound and a message displayed in the message line at the bottom of
the screen, indicating the error.
6.3 NUMBER LIMITATIONS
──────────────────────
The range of numbers allowed for all calculations is 1.7 x 10ⁿ-307
to 1.7 x 10ⁿ307. If a number is entered outside of this range, a
beep will sound and a message displayed indicating the number is
too large or too small. Also, if the number entered is within this
range, but the calculation results in a number outside this range,
an error message will be displayed. For example, if you were
converting from attometers to meters, and you entered 1.2E-305 in
the input field, the result of the calculation would be 1.2E-323.
The 1.2E-323 is outside of the allowed range, and would cause an
error.
7.0 CONVERSION HISTORY
──────────────────────
The conversion history window displays the last 50 conversions
calculated. The conversions are placed in the window from top to
bottom. The window can only display 13 conversions at a time.
To view conversions which are beyond the current viewing area, use
the <cursor> keys to scroll through the data. This window
has a horizontal as well as vertical scroll bar, because the
result of some conversions may be too long to fit within
the window horizontally. If the window contains 50 conversions
and another is calculated, the first is removed, and the new
result is placed at the bottom of the window.
Maintaining the conversion history is convenient for creating a list
of often used conversions. To print the contents of the conversion
history window, press the <F2> key.
8.0 ABBREVIATIONS
─────────────────
The abbreviations reference contains a list of abbreviations used in
the unit names in the units screen, and in the units value in the
information line. Pressing the <F4> key when in the units screen
displays the abbreviations. No help is available when viewing
them.
9.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT
─────────────────────
Technical support is available to registered users only. It can be
obtained by two methods:
1. Electronic mail via Compuserve Information Service - Send
inquiries to the address 71023,2130.
2. Regular mail - Send inquiries to the following address:
MICROCODE CONCEPTS
P.O. Box 1275
Levittown, PA 19058
10.0 SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
───────────────────────────────
10.1 USAGE RESTRICTIONS
───────────────────────
You are granted the usage of one copy of this software on one
terminal connected to one computer. You may transfer the
software to a single hard disk drive only. This software is NOT
to be used on a computer network of any type, without an
additional site license. This software may be used by more than
one person on the single computer system that it is installed.
If the software is used by more than one person on this single
computer system, this license agreement covers ALL users of
this software. It is the responsibility of the original
licensee to make known to any subsequent users of this
software, the terms and conditions of this license agreement. This
software may not be rented, leased, or sold.
10.2 SOFTWARE OWNERSHIP
───────────────────────
This software is owned by MICROCODE CONCEPTS and is protected by
United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
10.3 OTHER RESTRICTIONS
───────────────────────
This software may NOT be used in any manner, for the development of
any copyrighted material, without the express written permission of
MICROCODE CONCEPTS. You may not disassemble, decompile, reverse
engineer, or modify this software in any manner.
10.4 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES
─────────────────────────────
THE COMPUTER CONVERSION FACTORS (TM) SOFTWARE AND RELATED WRITTEN
MATERIAL IS SOLD "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. NO WARRANTIES OF PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY,
ACCURACY OF THE DATA, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS
OFFERED. THE ENTIRE RISK OF USING THIS SOFTWARE IS ASSUMED BY YOU.
10.5 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
────────────────────────────
IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROCODE CONCEPTS BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER ARISING FROM THE USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS
SOFTWARE. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES, THIS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
10.6 US GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS
────────────────────────────────────
This software is provided with government restricted rights. Use,
Duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to
restrictions as set fourth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the rights
in technical data and computer software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013
or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of the Commercial Computer
Software-Restricted Rights at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. The
Contractor/Manufacturer is:
MICROCODE CONCEPTS
P.O. Box 1275
LEVITTOWN, PA 19058
11.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
─────────────────────────
■ A PC compatible computer
■ One hard disk drive with 550K of free space
■ 512K of random access memory
■ DOS version 3.2 or higher
■ A color or monochrome monitor
■ An optional printer
12.0 CREDITS
────────────
■ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics by Robert C. Weast Copyright
(c) CRC publishing 1982-1983.
■ Special thanks to the Merriam-Webster Language Research Center.
■ IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines
Corporation.
■ PC-DOS is a registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.
■ MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
■ COMPUTER CONVERSION FACTORS is a registered trademark of Microcode
Concepts.
■ This program was created using Borland C++ 3.1, and Turbo Assembler
3.0.
*msgbar_form_help,A
5.0 ADDING NUMERIC PREFIXES
───────────────────────────
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Note: To add numeric prefixes, units must be in the "Converting │
│ from:" AND "Converting to:" fields. │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Prefixes can be added to any of the units. After selecting two
compatible units, they are displayed in the unit fields near the
bottom of the screen. The prefix will be added to the unit in the
field in which the cursor is blinking. The cursor will appear as a
small underline _ . Press the <F2> key to display the available
prefixes. A list of 16 prefixes will appear on the right side of
the screen, containing the prefixes name, factor, and symbol. Use
the up and down <cursor> keys to highlight the desired prefix, and
press <Enter>. The prefix will be added to the unit, changing it's
value accordingly. Press <Esc> to remove the prefix window. To add
a prefix to the unit in the opposite field, use the left or right
cursor key to move the blinking cursor to it, and repeat the above
procedure.
When the prefixes are displayed after pressing <F2>, they can also
be highlighted by pressing a key which corresponds to the first
letter in the prefix. for instance, pressing <C> will move the
cursor to "centi". If two or more prefixes begin with the same
letter, the first one that begins with the letter pressed will be
highlighted. If a prefix has been added to a unit and you want to
add a different prefix, the prefix does not have to be removed
first. Simply select another one and it will replace the existing
prefix.
To remove a prefix from a unit, use the left or right <cursor> key
to move the blinking cursor to the unit field containing the prefix
to be removed. Press the <F2> key to display the prefix window.
Press the <space-bar>, and "Remove Prefix" will become highlighted.
Press <Enter> and the prefix will be removed, leaving the unit
as it was before adding it.
*calc_form_help,A
6.0 CONVERSION CALCULATOR
─────────────────────────
6.1 ENTERING NUMBERS
────────────────────
Numbers can be entered using either the numeric keypad, or the
standard numbered keyboard keys. Although more digits can be entered
in the "input" field, output is limited to 12 significant digits.
If you make a mistake, use the <backspace> or <Del> key to erase the
digits, and then enter the correct digits. Pressing <F2> will clear
all numbers from the "input" and "output" fields. While the
conversion calculator is displayed, you can also view previous
conversions (if any), by pressing <F3>. See CONVERSION HISTORY
6.2 EXPONENTIAL NOTATION
────────────────────────
Numbers can also be expressed as a mantissa and exponent. The value
of the number is equal to the product of the mantissa and 10, raised
to the power of the exponent. The exponent part of the number must
be preceded by an "E". The mantissa or exponent or both can be
negative. Some examples of exponents are:
3.7 x 10ⁿ2 would be entered as 3.7E2
0.004 x 10ⁿ32 would be entered as .004E32
387.33 x 10ⁿ-6 would be entered as 387.33E-6
-387.33 x 10ⁿ-6 would be entered as -387.33E-6
If an invalid number is detected in the "input" field, a beep will
sound and a message displayed in the message line at the bottom of
the screen, indicating the error.
6.3 NUMBER LIMITATIONS
──────────────────────
The range of numbers allowed for all calculations is 1.7 x 10ⁿ-307
to 1.7 x 10ⁿ307. If a number is entered outside of this range, a
beep will sound and a message displayed indicating the number is
too large or too small. Also, if the number entered is within this
range, but the calculation results in a number outside this range,
an error message will be displayed. For example, if you were
converting from attometers to meters, and you entered 1.2E-305 in
the input field, the result of the calculation would be 1.2E-323.
The 1.2E-323 is outside of the allowed range, and would cause an
error.
*HISTORY HELP,A
7.0 CONVERSION HISTORY
──────────────────────
The conversion history window displays the last 50 conversions
calculated. The conversions are placed in the window from top to
bottom. The window can only display 13 conversions at a time.
To view conversions which are beyond the current viewing area, use
the <cursor> keys to scroll through the data. This window
has a horizontal as well as vertical scroll bar, because the
result of some conversions may be too long to fit within
the window horizontally. If the window contains 50 conversions
and another is calculated, the first is removed, and the new
result is placed at the bottom of the window.
Maintaining the conversion history is convenient for creating a list
of often used conversions. To print the contents of the conversion
history window, press the <F2> key while the window is displayed.
*_lu_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Candle/sq meter Phot
Footcandel stilb
Footlambert
Lambert
Lumen/sq meter
Lux
*_dose_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Gray
Rad
Rem
Sievert
*_act_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Curie
Becquerel
*_area_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Acre
Are
Barn
sq/meter
*_cap_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abfarad
Farad
Farad (int)
Statfarad
*_eh_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abcoulomb Statcoulomb
Coulomb
Coulomb (int)
Faraday (C-12)
Faraday (chem)
Faraday (phys)
*_elco_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abmho
Mho
Mho (int)
Statmho
Siemens
*_ec_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abampere
Ampere
Ampere (int)
Statampere
*_elpo_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abvolt
Statvolt
Volt
Volt (int)
*_elre_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Abohm
Megohm
Ohm
Ohm (int)
Statohm
*_engy_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Btu Electron volt Joule (int)
Btu (IST) Erg Watt-hours
Btu (mean) Foot-pound
Calorie Foot-poundal
Calorie (IST) Horsepower-hour
Calorie (mean) Joule
*_for_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Dyne
Gram-force
Newton
Pound-force
Poundal
*_len_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS ARE:
Angstrom Inch Mile (UK, naut)
Astro Unit League (int, naut) Mile (US, naut)
Cable League (stat) Mile (US, stat)
Caliber League (UK, naut) Pace
Chain (Gunter's) Light Year Parsec
Chain (Ramden's) Link (Gunter's) Perch
Fathom Link (Ramden's) Pole
Fermi Meter Rod
Foot (int) Micron Skein
Foot (US, stat) Mil Yard (int)
Furlong Mile (int)
Hand Mile (int, naut)
*_flux_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Line
Maxwell
Maxwell (int)
Volt-second
Weber
*_mass_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Atomic mass Pound
Carat Pound (troy)
Grain Slug
Gram Ton (long)
Ounce Ton (metric)
Ounce (troy) Ton (short)
*_pa_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Arcmin
Arcsec
Grade
Radian
*_pow_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Btu/sec Horsepower (metric)
Erg/sec Horsepower (water)
Foot-pound/sec Joule/sec
Horsepower Joule/sec (int)
Horsepower (boiler) Watt
Horsepower (electric) Watt (int)
*_pre_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Atmosphere Torr
Bar Meter of Hg (0°C)
Barye Meter of H2O (60°C)
Inch of Hg (0°C) Pascal
Inch of H2O (60°C)
Pound/sq inch
*_speed_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Knot
Meter/second
Mile/hour
*_temp_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Degree Celsius
Degree Farenheit
Degree Kelvin
Degree Rankine
*_time_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Day (sidereal) Second (sidereal)
Day (solar) Second (solar)
Hour (sidereal) Year (sidereal)
Hour (solar) Year (solar)
Minute (sidereal)
Minute (solar)
*_vol_help,A
COMPATIBLE UNITS:
Barrel Gallon (US) Stere
Board foot Liter Tablespoon
Bushel Ounce (fl US) Teaspoon
Cup (US) Peck Ounce
Gallon (Can) Pint
Gallon (UK) Quart